Protista was divided into two new kingdoms, Monera containing all
prokaryotes and Protoctista containing all simple, microscopic
eukaryotic organisms like algae, protozoa and fungi.
The kingdoms Monera includes all the bacteria and the
protoctista which includes the protozoa, the diatoms and some algae are
in a way the lowest among the living world. Since only bacteria are
prokaryotic (lacking a true nucleus), that is without nuclear
membrane, monera is the only prokaryotic kingdom.
Hundreds of bacteria are present in a handful of soil. They also live in
extreme habitats such as hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans
where very few other life forms can survive. Many of them live in or on
other organisms as parasites. Bacteria were the first organisms to
evolve on planet earth after life originated around 3.5 billion years
ago and were the only organisms on earth for almost the next two billion
years.
They lack true nuclei and other membrane bound organelles such as
mitochondrion, chloroplast, Golgi bodies, lysosomes etc. and DNA, which
is the genetic material and is called nucleoid, is not found
associated with histone proteins; cell wall is often present but
chemically made up material other than cellulose.
The Kingdom Monera can be divided into 2 divisions
*Division Schizophyta
A. Includes close to 2,000 different kinds of bacteria
B. Occur in nearly all types of environments on earth
*Division Cyanophyta
A. Includes the cyanobacteria or blue-green algae
B. Cyanobacteria are normally larger than bacteria of Division Schizophyta
C. They possess chlorophyll and carry on photosynthesis
Kingdom Monera
The Science Behind Baking Powder's Rise
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Baking powder revolutionized baking when it emerged in the early 1850s in
the United States, providing a convenient premixed leavening agent for
consumers....